Revision Standard - Active. The purpose of this revision is to rollup the two technical corrigenda; IEEE 1003.1-2008(TM)/Cor 1-2013and IEEE 1003.1-2008(TM)/Cor 2-2016 in to the IEEE Std 1003.1(TM)-2008 standard, with no new technicalchange.POSIX.1-201x defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a commandinterpreter (or shell ), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source codelevel. POSIX.1-201x is intended to be used by both application developers and system implementors and comprises four major components (each in an associated volume): General terms, concepts, and interfaces common to all volumes of this standard, including utilityconventions and C-language header definitions, are included in the Base Definitions volume. Definitions for system service functions and subroutines, language-specific system services for the C programming language, function issues, including portability, error handling, and error recovery, are included in the System Interfaces volume. Definitions for a standard source code-level interface to command interpretation services (a shell ) and common utility programs for application programs are included in the Shell and Utilities volume. Extended rationale that did not fit well into the rest of the document structure, which containshistorical information concerning the contents of POSIX.1-201x and why features were included ordiscarded by the standard developers, is included in the Rationale (Informative) volume.The following areas are outside the scope of POSIX.1-201x: Graphics interfaces Database management system interfaces Record I/O considerations Object or binary code portability System configuration and resource availability POSIX.1-201x describes the external characteristics and facilities that are of importance to application developers, rather than the internal construction techniques employed to achieve these capabilities. Special emphasis is placed on those functions and facilities that are needed in a wide variety of commercial applications.