Preface This is the eighth edition of CSA Z245.11, Steel fittings. It supersedes the previous editions published in 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1996, 1991, and 1985. This Standard covers the requirements for steel fittings intended to be used for transporting fluids as specified in CSA Z662. Changes to this edition include the following: a) addition of requirements for induction bends; b) revised requirements for all bends; c) revised pressure rating requirements (Clause 4.3); d) revised design proof test requirements (Clause 5); e) revised requirements for fittings containing welds (Clause 6.3); f) revised requirements for fittings other than bends (Clauses 6.4.1 and 9.1.3); g) addition of manufacturing procedure specification requirements for cold and induction bends, and fittings (Clauses 6.4 and 6.6); h) addition of inspection and test plan requirements (Clause 6.7); i) revised heat-treatment procedures and records (Clause 8); j) revised tension tests requirements (Clause 9.2); k) addition of retesting requirements (Clause 9.6); l) addition of requirements for cold and induction qualification bend testing, and essential variables (Clause 9 and Table 15); m) addition of requirements for wall thickness tolerances for bends (Clause 10.3); n) addition of segmentable elbows (Clause 10.8), their marking requirements (Clause 14.2.1) and recommendations for segmenting (new Annex C); o) revised certification requirements (Clause 15); p) addition of new minimum through passage diameters (Table 4); and q) revised Annex B (now a mandatory Annex). Scope 1.1 General This Standard covers wrought steel buttwelding fittings, including extruded headers and factory-made induction or cold bends, primarily intended for use in oil or gas pipeline systems. 1.2 Size, grade, and category 1.2.1 Size This Standard covers fittings in sizes from NPS 1/2 to NPS 60. (See Table A.1.) 1.2.2 Grade For other than sour service, this Standard covers fittings from Grade 207 to Grade 690. For sour service, this Standard covers fittings from Grade 207 to Grade 483. Note: The standard grades are Grades 207, 241, 290, 317, 359, 386, 414, 448, 483, 550, 620, and 690 (see Table 1); however, intermediate grades may also be used. 1.2.3 Category This Standard covers fittings in the following categories: a) Category I: fittings without requirements for proven notch-toughness properties; and b) Category II: fittings with requirements for proven notch-toughness properties. 1.3 Assemblies This Standard does not cover assemblies. Note: An assembly means a grouping of fittings or flanges, or both, joined by one or more circumferential welds. 1.4 Terminology In this Standard, "shall" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; "should" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and "may" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.