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AWWA ACE65336

Taste and Odor Impacts of Household Plumbing Materials

Pages: 43
Publication date: 2007-06-01
Price: 24 vnd

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Research has shown a greater potential for polymer materials to impact taste and odor than traditional metal pipes. These materials leach odorous compounds that when detected by consumers negatively influence their perception of water quality at the tap (McGuire, 1995; Dietrich, 2006). Polymer pipe materials, which consist of the polymer and additives, leach volatile (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic (SVOCs) compounds to water which impact either water quality, sensory quality, or both (Anselme et al., 1985; Rigal and Danjou, 1999; Khiari et al. 1999; Skjevrak et al., 2003; Marchesan and Morran, 2004). Plumbing materials can also consume residual disinfectant in drinking water, which can lead to changes in tastes and odor and increased growth or microorganisms. Repeated studies demonstrated that leaching of polymer additives, organic compounds, and oxidation of the surface of the pipe during extrusion leads to perceptible odors in drinking water. Water utilities strive to avoid sensory problems in the drinking water because aesthetics play a critical role in consumers' perception of both the quality and safety of drinking water. Thus, if premise plumbing can impact taste and odor at the tap, utilities and consumers want to know this so that they can plan accordingly in the materials chosen for plumbing. This interdisciplinary research performed comprehensive testing of piping materials under realistic drinking water quality conditions. A unique aspect was that both chemical and consumer-assessed sensory characteristics of water in contact with new materials were determined. Copper and five polymer (cPVC, HDPE, PEX-a, PEX-b, epoxy lining) pipe materials from commercial sources were investigated for their propensity to leach organic chemicals, consume disinfectants, and alter water quality. Replicate seven (7) foot lengths of 3/4 inch (internal diameter) pipes were tested. All pipe materials were certified according to National Sanitation Foundation (NSF-61) standards. The Utility Quick Test (Schweitzer et al., 2002), a standard leaching protocol for new materials, was conducted at room temperature using a low alkalinity water of pH 7.8-8 with no disinfectant, 2 mg/L chlorine, or 4 mg/L monochloramine. Three consecutive cycles of fill and flush were used, with a 72-96 hour period between flushes. A trained human panel used Flavor Profile Analysis (Standard Method 2170) to assess odors. SPME-GC-MS was used to detect and identify organic compounds. Chlorine and monochloramine were determined using the DPD method; TOC was measured with a Seivers low TOC instrument. Includes 12 references.
Document identifier
AWWA ACE65336
Title
Taste and Odor Impacts of Household Plumbing Materials
AWWA Category
ACE2007 - 2007 Annual Conference Proceedings
Publication date
2007-06-01
Status
Effective
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Pages
43
Price 24 vnd